Lactobacillus hordei dextrans induce Saccharomyces cerevisiae aggregation and network formation on hydrophilic surfaces

Water kefir granules are supposed to mainly consist of dextrans produced by Lactobacillus (L.) hilgardii. Still, other microorganisms such as L. hordei, L. nagelii, Leuconostoc (Lc.) citreum and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae are commonly isolated from water kefir granules, while their contribution to the granule formation remains unknown. We studied putative functions of these microbes in granule formation, upon development of a simplified model system containing hydrophilic object slides, which mimics the hydrophilic surface of a growing kefir granule. We found that all tested lactic acid bacteria produced glucans, while solely those isolated from the four different L. hordei strains induced yeast aggregation on the hydrophilic slides. Therefore, structural differences between these glucans were investigated with respect to their size distributions and their linkage types. Beyond the finding that all glucans were identified as dextrans, those of the four L. hordei strains were highly similar among each other regarding portions of linkage types and size distributions. Thus, our study suggests the specific size and structural organization of the dextran produced by L. hordei as the main cause for inducing S. cerevisiae aggregation and network formation on hydrophilic surfaces and thus as crucial initiation of the stepwise water kefir granule growth.